Condition - Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis refers to a group of conditions wherein amyloid are abnormally deposited organs or tissues and cause harm. There are different forms of amyloidosis, categorised by the type of protein fibrils (small fibers) that are deposited. The forms of amyloidosis include:

  • Primary amyloidosis
  • Secondary amyloidosis
  • Hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis
  • Familial (inherited) amyloidosis
  • Senile amyloidosis

Signs and Symptoms

There are various symptoms associated with this disease such as:

  • Affected respiratory tract
  • Enlarged spleen
  • Ruptures
  • Vomiting
  • Hemorrhaging
  • Diarrhea

Causes

The exact cause of amyloidosis is unknown and is considered to result from various factors:

  • Inflammatory arthritis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Family history

Treatment

There is no known cure for amyloidosis and no treatment is found effective in reversing the deposits of amyloids. However, there are treatments that can slow down the progression of amyloidosis and reduce its harmful effects on various organs.

The treatment for amyloidosis differs from person to person because each type of amyloidosis is different. There are many factors on which the treatment depends such as the organs or tissues that are affected; the severity of symptoms; and the person's age, overall health and medical history.

Condition - Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a serious disorder that can cause severe damage to the lungs and digestive system. Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices.

It is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children and young adults.

Its symptoms include:
  • Belly pain from extreme constipation
  • Nausea and loss of appetite
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Increased coughing
  • Infertility (in men)
  • More sputum

Causes

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a defective gene which causes the body to produce abnormally thick and sticky fluid, called mucus.

Treatment
  • There is no exact cure of cystic fibrosis, but treatment can be done to relieve its symptoms
  • Medications including antibiotics, mucus-thinning drugs, bronchodilators, and oral pancreatic enzymes
  • Chest physical therapy to make it easier for people to cough up
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation to improve your lung function and overall well-being
  • Surgical procedures include nasal polyp removal, oxygen therapy, endoscopy, lung transplant, feeding tube, bowel surgery etc.
Condition - Hypertension

Hypertension refers to high blood pressure which may lead to many other symptoms. Blood pressure is the measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body. Hypertension is known to be a cause of chronic kidney disease.

  • Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time
  • High blood pressure (hypertension) is when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time
  • If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90, it is called pre-hypertension

The symptoms of high blood pressure include:

  • Blurred vision
  • Severe headache
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Confusion
  • Nosebleeds

Causes

There are various factors responsible for high blood pressure such as:

  • Obesity
  • Stress or anxious
  • Smoke
  • Diabetes
  • Pregnancy
  • Eating too much salt in your diet

Treatment

There is no exact cure of hypertension and the objective of treatment is to reduce blood pressure so that you have a lower risk of complications. You can do many thing to keep your blood pressure under control:

  • Regular exercise
  • Reduce stress
  • Quit smoking
  • Less consumption of salt
  • Eat a heart-healthy diet
Condition - Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms that indicate damage to kidney. Nephrotic syndrome includes the following:

  • Proteinuria—large amounts of protein in the urine
  • Hyperlipidemia—higher than normal fat and cholesterol levels in the blood
  • Edema, or swelling, usually in the legs, feet, or ankles and less often in the hands or face
  • Hypoalbuminia—low levels of albumin in the blood

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are:

  • Weight gain
  • Fatigue
  • Foamy urine
  • Loss of appetite
  • Protein in urea
  • Swelling

Causes

This is a disease that only affects kidneys. Its causes include:

  • Diabetic kidney disease
  • Heart failure
  • Blood clot in a kidney vein
  • Minimal change disease
  • Chronic inflammatory disease

Treatment

The treatment for nephrotic syndrome involves treating any underlying medical condition that may be causing this syndrome.

Medications may include blood pressure medications, water pills, cholesterol-reducing medications, and blood thinners.

Patients with nephrotic syndrome may be given pneumococcal vaccine which helps protection against a bacteria causing infection.

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